Category: Uncategorized
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The Life of Samuel George Morton (1799–1851)
© 2018, John S. MichaelFrom 2018 to 2024, this text was posted on the Penn Museum Web page. Samuel George Morton (1799–1851) was a successful physician, anatomy professor, and active member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Morton is most remembered for his collection of human skulls. Although he was celebrated by his…
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Publications on Morton and racial bias in science, 1970s to today
Mismeasure for Mismeasure. 2011. Nature. Editorial 474: 419. Gould, Stephen. 1978. Morton’s Ranking of Races by Cranial Capacity. Science 200: 503–509. Gould, Stephen. 1996. The Mismeasure of Man: The Definitive Refutation of the Argument of the Bell Curve. New York: W.W. Norton. Gould, Stephen. 1996. The Mismeasure of Man; Revised and Expanded. New York: Norton.…
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Modern research on Morton and his skull collection from 1980 to today
DeGusta, David, and Jason E. Lewis, 2011. Taking the measure of Gould’s skulls. New Scientist 11: 24–25. Lewis, Jason, et al. 2011. “The Mismeasure of Science” PLoS Biol. June 7. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001071. Michael, John. 1988. A New Look at Morton’s Craniological Research. Current Anthropology 29: 349–354. Poskett, James. 2015. National types. History of Science 53: 264–295.…
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Histories addressing Morton’s research and scientific racism, 1930s to today
Barkan, Elazar. 1992. The Retreat of Scientific Racism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Baum, Bruce. 2006. The Rise and Fall of the Caucasian Race. New York: New York University Press. Bieder, Robert. 1986. Science Encounters the Indian, 1820-1880. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. Boas, Franz. 1938. The Mind of Primitive Man. New York: MacMillan. Brace,…
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Significant publications on race and craniology, 1740s – 1920s
Ballou, W.H. 1918. Science Explains the Prussian Ferocity of War. The Washington Post, June 5: 5. Bendyshe, Thomas, ed. 1865. Anthropological Treatises of Blumenbach and Hunter London: Longman, et al. Bernier, François. 1684. Nouvelle division de la terre, par les différentes espèces ou races d’homme qui l’habitent. Le Journal Des Sçavans (April 24):133-140. Blumenbach, Johann.…
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Publications by Morton’s supporters and critics, 1830s–1860s
Agassiz, Louis. 1855. Sketch of the Natural Provinces of the Animal World and their Relations to the Different Types of Man. In Types of Mankind. Josiah Knot and George Gliddon, eds., Pp. lviii-lxxvi. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippencott – London: Trübner and Co. Bachman, John. 1850. The Doctrine of the Unity of the Human Race. Charleston,…
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Notable publications citing Morton’s craniological and race research, 1830s – 1920s
Boas, Franz. 1912. Changes in the Bodily Form of Immigrants. American Anthropologist 14 (3): 530-562. Broca, Paul, Eugène Dally, and Franz Ignaz Pruner. 1862. Quoted in Discussion: Sur le rapport de M. Dally concernant les Américains, Séance du 17. Bulletins de la Société d’anthropologie de Paris 3: 417– 437. Combe, George. 1839. Phrenological Remarks on…
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Publications about Morton’s life and research, 1850s – 1910s
Collins, John, Isaac Collins, Thomas Morton, and Morris Earle. 1893. Reminiscences of Isaac and Rachael (Budd) Collins. Philadelphia: Lippencott. Death of Samuel George Morton. 1851. New York Tribune 11 (3,148): 5. Floy, James, ed. 1856. Samuel George Morton and Ethnology. The National Magazine 9: 336–343. Grant, William. 1851. Sketch of the Life and Character of…
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Publications written by Morton
Morton, Samuel. 1825. Observations on Cornine, (an Alkaline Principle, recently obtained from the bark of Cornus Florida, By George W. Carpenter of Philadelphia). The Philadelphia Journal of the Medical and Physical Sciences 11 [n. s. 2]:195–198. Morton, Samuel. 1829. Analysis of tabular spar from Bucks County, Pennsylvania, with a notice of various minerals found at…
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